Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds calculator. What is the abbreviation for edinburgh postnatal depression score. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds the epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings, or at the 6 8 week postpartum examination. Cox jl, holden jm, sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 screening questions that can indicate whether a parent has symptoms that are common in women with depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the year following the birth of a child. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10 item selfrating postnatal depression scale which was developed almost twenty years ago. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, epds uwmilwaukee. The epds was administered to non postnatal women with older children mean age of youngest child 3 years 9 months and to postnatal women baby aged 6 months. The simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. It is a selfreport questionnaire now used in many countries to screen for postnatal depression.
The korean version of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was completed while the women were waiting for their prenatal medical appointment, and all were scored by one researcher. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Reliability and validity of the edinburgh postnatal. Holden, r sagovsky 1987 this 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women for symptoms of emotional distress during pregnancy and the postnatal period. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 the questionnaire below is called the edinburgh postnatal depression scale edps the edps was developed to identify women who may have postpartum depression. Postnatal depression or also known as postpartum depression, ppd is a type of depression following childbirth. Users may reproduce the scale without further permission providing they respect by quoting the names of the authors, the title and the source of the paper in all reproduced copies. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. For each question, select the statement thats closest to how youve felt in the past seven days. The commonwealth department of health and ageing doha suggests using it twice once antenatally, and again a month or so postpartum reference here. Around 1015% of women suffer from depressive illness during pregnancy or the first year postpartum.
No validated screening instrument for detecting depression during pregnancy was available in swedish. After extensive pilot interviews a validation study was carried out on 84 mothers using the research diagnostic criteria for depressive illness obtained from goldbergs standardised psychiatric interview. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds taken from the british journal of psychiatry june, 1987, vol. However, its potential to detect pcmds in culturally diverse low and lowermiddle income countries lalmics is unclear. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of perinatal depression and anxiety 3, 4. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 1 checklist for pregnant women and new mothers for information on the beyondblue national perinatal depression initiative or to receive a free copy of beyondblues emotional health during pregnancy and early parenthood booklet visit au or call the beyondblue info line on 0. The nondiagnostic nature of the epds, its purpose and the fact that it relates to the previous seven days not just that day, should be clearly explained. Responses are scored 0, 1, 2, or 3 according to increased severity of the symptom. A study of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was introduced in 1987 and has since been validated as a depression screening tool in the australian and international setting. We aimed to validate the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds against dsm. John cox, jeni holden and carol henshaw, perinatal mental. The simplified edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for. Studies in new zealand using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, appendix 1 have reported rates of postnatal depression of 8%. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale usefulness to practitioners identifying potential depressive disorders and connecting mothers to resources can be pivotal in supporting positive change and the reduction of risks in vulnerable families. Please underline the answer which best describes how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. In conclusion, this scale demonstrates good validity and is fast and easy use in obstetrical services, allowing early detection of women who risk to develop postpartum depression and, in the first week of postpartum, of mothers who suffer from a major postpartum depression. Validation of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds in a. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds since you are either pregnant or have recently had a baby, we want to know how you feel.
It assesses emotional experiences over the past seven days using ten likert scale items see additional file 1. Links to the english and multilingual resources can be accessed further below. The swedish validation of edinburgh postnatal depression. This individuals most recent test results indicate likely depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox. We endeavoured to analyze the factor structure of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds during a screening programme in hungary, using exploratory efa and confirmatory factor analysis.
Increasingly there is evidence that for many women, and men, anxiety disorders can occur postnatally in the absence of depression. Detection of postnatal depression the british journal of. Pdf does the edinburgh postnatal depression scale measure. The test can usually be completed in less than 5 minutes. Items marked with an asterisk are reverse scored i. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale 1 epds 1 edinburgh. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things. Postnatal depression scale epds jl cox, jm holden, r sagovsky, department of psychiatry, university of edinburgh 1987 module 6 name. Its 10 polytomous items are summated to an overall score ranging from 030, with cut points to identify the likely presence of depression. This 10 item self report measure is designed to screen women. The object of this study was to examine the role of emotional reactivity in infants with congenital heart defects chd in relation to their mothers symptoms of postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a well known short questionnaire used to check if a mother might suffer from ppd. Ppd affects up to 20% of postnatal women and up to 10% of pregnant women.
Accuracy of the whooley questions and the edinburgh. A mother checks off one of four possible answers that is. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds this document is available in english as well as in languages other than english. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds, originally developed in britain, is one of the most widely used screening instruments for assessing symptoms of the perinatal common mental disorders pcmds of depression and anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual, 2nd ed. Nov 17, 2011 women who did not speak korean or had missing depression screening data were excluded. Combined use of the postpartum depression screening scale pdss and edinburgh postnatal.
Edinburgh post natal depression scale epds questionnaire romanian edinburgh post natal depression scale epds questionnaire spanish edinburgh post natal depression scale epds questionnaire thai. Developed as the edinburgh postnatal depression scale and validated for use in both pregnancy and the postnatal period to assess for possible depression and anxiety. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from ppd. Please check the answer which comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today.
Pdss and edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ncbi. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common problems women face after having a baby. Ppd affects up to 20% of women after having a baby and can even affect up to 10% women while they are pregnant. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale pdf sample letter to patients doctor re. The epds is an efficient way to identify patients at risk for.
The 10question edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a valuable and efficient way of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression. The perinatal clinical practice guidelines recommend that psychosocial assessment and the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds be used by primary care and other health professionals to screen all women for symptoms of depression andor anxiety during the perinatal period. About this resource about this resource 1 this is a new resource which collates copies of the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds that have been translated into languages other than english and. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is frequently used during the perinatal period, but the cut.
The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was originally created as a unidimensional scale to screen for postpartum depression ppd. This paper reports the validation of the epds against a research diagnostic criteria diagnosis of major and minor depression. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds cox jl, holden jm sagovsky r 1987 detection of postnatal depression. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale black dog institute. We recommend you complete the questions with a health professional. Edinburgh perinatalpostnatal depression scale epds for use between 28 32 weeks in all pregnancies and 6 8 weeks postpartum name. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines postpartum depression ppd is one of the most common complications of the postpartum period. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds j l cox, j m. Depression during pregnancy constitutes a risk for prenatal stress and preterm birth. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds manual.
Make sure that the person completing the epds can speak freelysafely ask the mother. Postpartum depression and the the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. Standardized questionnaires designed for the identification of depression are useful for monitoring individual as well as population mental health. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale to screen. Calculating a score on the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. The epds is not a diagnostic tool and must always be used in conjunction with clinical assessment. Recent studies have shown that approximately 48% of adolescents develop postpartum depression. Development of the 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale.
The spanish version was developed at the university of iowa based on earlier. One hundred and three postpartum women completed the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and were interviewed using the diagnostic interview schedule. P ease mark the answer which comes closest to how you have felt n the past 7 days not. I have been able to laugh and see the funny side of things 6. As you are having a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling. Pdf emotional reactivity in infants with congenital.
It has been utilized among numerous populations including u. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds english pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds spanish pdf edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds scoring instructions pdf sample signature page for new mothers re. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a set of 10 questions that can help you and your health professional get a better sense of how youre feeling. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds 23 translations of the epds have been recently checked, revised or backtranslated and then reformatted by western sydney translation service onto the nsw health emr form to enable clinicians better access to validated versions via a url link. Epds abbreviation stands for edinburgh postnatal depression score.
John cox, jeni holden and carol henshaw, perinatal mental health. Using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale meta4rn. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds guidelines. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds ucsf fresno. Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, epds tip sheets created by lilly irvinvitela, 2014 on behalf of uw milwaukee child welfare partnership and wi dept.
Please check the answer that comes closest to how you have felt in the past 7 days, not just how you feel today. Development of 10item edinburgh postnatal depression scale. A core component of australias national perinatal depression initiative npdi is universal screening of all pregnant women and new mums using the edinburgh postnatal depression scale. They used a validated scale during pregnancy, a version of the center for epidemiological studiesdepression scale cesd. The epds internationally, the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is the most widely accepted screening instrument used in the perinatal period. As antenatal depression is a predictor of postnatal depression, early detection might prevent postnatal depression. M piontek, postpartum depression new england journal of medicine vol. About the edinburgh postnatal depression scale the epds was developed in the 1980s by john cox, a consultant psychiatrist in the united kingdom, and his colleagues jeni holden and ruth sagovsky. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a screening tool that does not diagnose postpartum depression ppd or anxiety.
The epds is a tool that helps identify if you are at risk or are suffering from ppd. To download information click on the selected language. The epds has been validated for use in both pregnancy and the. The epds is easy to administer and has proven to be an effective. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds has originally been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect postnatal depression, but several authors recommend its use outside of the postpartum period.
Sagovsky the edinburgh postnatal depression scale has been developed to assist primary care health professionals to detect mothers suffering from postnatal depression. Perinatal mental disorder is characterized by depression, anxiety, or somatic symptoms that occur during the antenatal and postnatal periods. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds is a 10question screening tool that has been validated for the assessment of mood in the early postpartum period 43 but must be supported by clinical assessment of mood for the diagnosis of pnd to be made. The edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds was developed to assist primary care health professionals in detecting mothers suffering from postpartum depression ppd. The aim of this study was to evaluate the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds for screening and diagnosis of postpartum depression. The development of a 10item selfreport scale epds to screen for postnatal depression in the community is described. The epds was developed for screening postpartum women in outpatient, home visiting settings. As you are pregnant or have recently had a baby, we would like to know how you are feeling.